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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Explain common thermodynamic principles
   • Desired International System of Units (SI) applicable to thermodynamic calculations are developed
2. Basic properties of fluids are outlined
3. Gauge pressure is distinguished from absolute pressure
4. Temperature is defined and temperature scales are outlined
5. Calculations are performed by applying formulae for work, power and efficiency
6. Calculate properties of gas during expansion and compression
   • Calculations are performed by applying Boyle’s, Charles’s and combined gas laws
7. Gas equation is derived and applied to gas process calculations
8. Specific heat of gases and the relationship between constant pressure (Cp), constant volume (Cv), gas constant (R) and Gamma (G) are defined
9. Heat transfer is calculated for Cp and Cv processes
10. Isothermal, adiabatic and polytropic processes are outlined and properties of gases after expansion and compression, including the effects of turbocharging, are calculated
11. Work required to compress gases is illustrated and calculated
12. Explain methods of heat transfer
    • Different forms of heat transfer and their application to marine systems are explained
13. Heat transfer through flat layers is calculated
14. Purpose of insulation is explained
15. Explain enthalpy and apply to mixture calculations
    • Heat energy is defined
16. Fundamental formula for heat energy transfer is developed
17. Specific heat and its application are identified
18. Enthalpy and change of phase are outlined
19. Heat mixture problems involving water equivalent, ice, water and steam are solved
20. Specific heat of materials are calculated
21. Latent heat and dryness fraction are identified
22. Steam tables are used to find values of enthalpy for water, saturated and superheated steam and dryness fraction
23. Temperature/enthalpy diagram is constructed from steam table data
24. Explain steam plants and calculate thermal efficiency
    • Basic steam plant cycles are sketched and function of each component is outlined
25. Steam cycles on a temperature/enthalpy diagram are illustrated
26. Effects of superheating and under-cooling are clarified
27. Calculations are performed for heat supplied, rejected, work and thermal efficiency of a steam plant
28. Methods of improving cycle efficiency are outlined
29. Explain operation of internal combustion engine cycles
    • Operating principles of two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines are outlined
30. Differentiation is made, by use of a pressure/volume diagram, between Otto, diesel and dual combustion cycles
31. Mean effective pressure is calculated from an indicator diagram
32. Indicated power formula is developed and related calculations are solved
33. Specific fuel consumption is defined and calculated
34. Ideal cycle and air standard efficiency is defined
35. Explain operating cycle of reciprocating air compressors
    • Pressure/volume diagram is used to describe operating cycle of single stage reciprocating air compressors
36. Mass of air delivered by single stage reciprocating air compressors is calculated
37. Clearance volume and its effect on volumetric efficiency is outlined, and volumetric efficiency is calculated
38. Work per cycle for isothermal and polytropic processes is calculated
39. Explain operating cycle of RAC plant
    • Principle of refrigeration is outlined
40. Temperature/enthalpy and pressure/enthalpy diagrams are compared
41. Refrigerants used in RAC machines are identified
42. Refrigeration effect and plant capacity are defined
43. Refrigeration tables are used to calculate refrigeration effect and condition of vapour after expansion
44. Operating cycle of self-contained and centralised air conditioning systems are outlined and compared
45. Relative humidity is defined and key features of a psychrometric chart are outlined
46. Apply linear, superficial and volumetric expansion equations to calculate expansion of liquids and metals
    • Expansion processes for metals is defined
47. Coefficient of linear expansion is outlined
48. Linear expansion is applied to calculate machinery clearances and to shrink fit allowances
49. Superficial and volumetric expansion of solids is calculated and recorded
50. Apparent expansion of liquids in tanks is calculated and recorded

Range Statement

Range is restricted to essential operating conditions and any other variables essential to the work environment.

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Performance Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria on at least one occasion and include: identifying and applying relevant mathematical formulas and techniques to solve basic problems related to engineering thermodynamics identifying and interpreting numerical and graphical information, and performing basic mathematical calculations related to engineering thermodynamics, such as gas expansion and contraction, heat transfer, thermal efficiency, and the expansion of liquids and solids identifying, collating and processing information required to perform basic calculations related to engineering thermodynamics maintaining knowledge of current codes, standards, regulations and industry practices performing accurate and reliable mathematical calculations using a calculator reading and interpreting written information needed to perform basic calculations related to engineering thermodynamics solving problems using appropriate laws and principles.

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Knowledge Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of: basic principles of engineering thermodynamics enthalpy expansion processes for metals (conduction, convection and radiation) forms of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) gas laws heat, including relationship between temperature, heat energy and heat transfer internal combustion engine cycles methods of heat transfer operating cycle of reciprocating air compressors operating principles of two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines principles of refrigeration properties of fluids (density, mass, pressure, specific volume, temperature) relationships between forms of energy, work and power International System of Units (SI) steam plants thermodynamics, including: energy change heat transfer ideal gases thermodynamic energy thermodynamic principles thermodynamic processes thermodynamic properties thermodynamic systems vapours work transfer thermal efficiency calculations.

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